9 bim, BEM ed EPD. Potrebbe sembrare un gioco di parole ma non lo è. Come abbiamo visto nel primo numero di ANACAM MAGAZINE del 2023, tutto dedicato appunto al BIM (Building Information Modelling), l’utilizzo di questo approccio progettuale permette, con la gestione integrata e l’informatizzazione dei dati relativi alle parti che costituiscono un edificio, di intervenire su varie caratteristiche del progetto. Oltre ai valori geometrici relativi agli elementi, i modelli BIM contengono una serie di informazioni riguardanti aspetti diversi del progetto. In alcuni ambiti i dati permettono di poter analizzare anche le prestazioni e il comportamento dell’edificio relativamente a diversi approcci come, ad esempio, l’impatto economico oppure quello paesaggistico, o ancora l’aspetto della sostenibilità che viene espresso dalla dimensione 7D. Con “dimensioni del BIM” si intendono tutte le informazioni che riguardano un modello, organizzate per argomento. Le dimensioni BIM sono: 3D – modellazione tridimensionale; 4D – gestione della programmazione (analisi dei tempi); 5D – gestione informativa economica (analisi dei costi); bim, BEM and EPD. This may sound like a play on words but it is not. As we have seen in the first issue of ANACAM MAGAZINE in 2023, entirely dedicated to BIM (Building Information Modelling), the use of this design approach allows, with the integrated management and computerisation of the data relating to the parts that make up a building, to intervene on various characteristics of the project. In addition to geometric values relating to elements, BIM models contain a range of information concerning different aspects of the project. In some areas, the data also make it possible to analyse the performance and behaviour of the building with regard to different approaches such as, for example, the economic impact or the impact on the landscape, or even the aspect of sustainability, which is expressed by the 7D dimension. By “BIM dimensions” we mean all information concerning a model, organised by topic. The BIM dimensions are: 3D – three-dimensional modelling; 4D – programming management (time analysis); 5D – economic information analysis (cost analysis); 6D – operation and facility management; 7D – sustainability assessment (social, economic, and environmental). To date, there is a debate on three new dimensions of BIM, which concern safety during the design and construction phase (8D), lean construction (9D) and industrialisation of construction (10D), and which are not included in the Italian standard UNI 11337. In recent years, the focus on ‘energy’ and environmental sustainability has become increasingly present and important in building management (and not only!). With the use of BIM and the emergence of sustainability protocols, deriving mainly from the American market, the so-called BEM (Building Energy Modelling) has emerged. In this case too, we speak of a design methodology based on a digital model containing all the information relating to the elements that make up the building, and on the processing of this information with dedicated software that returns energy analyses of the building very quickly and accurately. The next step after the completion of the BIM modelling of the building involves, indeed, an analysis of its energy properties and the creation of the EAM, or Energy Analysis Model, a sort of intermediate step between the parametric BIM model and the BEM energy model. In our ‘digital twin’, we can assume the use of specific materials, stratigraphies of walls, floors and roofs with the thermal properties of the materials, the plant equipment, hence the devices planned for heating and air conditioning, and the various technical and technological solutions applicable with the new materials. All this informa-
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